Transforming Zanzibar Start-up Ecosystem through talents, demand, capital and creation of business enabling environment.

Start-ups are emerging as key players in driving innovation, creating high-paying jobs, and addressing socio-economic challenges. In Zanzibar, this dynamic potential is gaining recognition among various stakeholders who see start-ups as engines for accelerating inclusive economic growth and achieving development goals faster and more efficiently.

These young enterprises, driven by innovation and agility are designed to bring unique products and services to market, catering to rising demands while disrupting traditional industries.

Start-ups not only have the capacity to transform local economies, but they also hold the promise of reshaping global markets through rapid scaling whereby their success stories worldwide demonstrate the ability to generate wealth, provide governments with revenue, and tackle pressing socio-economic challenges.

A compelling example is Kenya which ranks third in Africa for start-ups, following South Africa and Mauritius. More empirical evidence shows that Kenyan start-ups have attracted venture capital funding in excess of USD 4.5 billion in the past decade. The heavy investment in start-ups in Kenya reflects investors’ optimism in the country status as the easiest East African nation to conduct business.

Also, Brazil exemplifies a favorable environment for nurturing start-ups, with numerous innovative companies achieving unicorn status or going public. A substantial percentage of Brazilian start-ups have expanded internationally, as indicated by a survey by the Brazilian Association of Start-ups, revealing that 11.8% engage in international business, solidifying Brazil’s position as one of the merging big economies.  

Start-ups have thrived in both developed and developing and seen to reshape economies worldwide, from Silicon Valley to emerging markets, by introducing innovative products and services while transforming how businesses and governments operate whereby in the last two decades, start-ups have been associated with an economic evolution involving the creation of entirely new categories of goods and services, and improving ways of doing business and public services delivery.

In developing economies like Zanzibar, a dynamic start-up ecosystem is crucial because of potential to revolutionize public service delivery, tackle socio-economic challenges, attract investment, foster a culture of innovation, and drive inclusive economic growth by tapping into underserved markets, boosting productivity, and creating well-paying jobs.

While the Zanzibar Development Vision (ZDV) 2050 and its five-year development plan do not explicitly address start-ups, there is growing interest among entrepreneurs, policymakers, and ecosystem enablers. They are increasingly recognizing the untapped potential of Zanzibar’s start-up landscape, positioning it to become a driving force of innovation and economic transformation.

The ultimate reasons that make a vibrant start-up ecosystem vital and crucial for Zanzibar are the power of start-ups in harnessing the delivery of high-quality services and creating solutions to the most pressing challenges faced by consumers and the public sector.

Another reason for the start-ups’ economic potential is the ability for the start-up ecosystem to become a pathway for attracting investment, fostering a culture of innovation and accelerate inclusive economic growth by serving underserved and untapped markets, increasing labor and business productivity as well as creating high-salary jobs.

Emerging economic opportunities and shifting social dynamics underscore the necessity of comprehensively understanding the key attributes of Zanzibar’s start-up ecosystem including talent, capital, demand, and an enabling environment. This understanding is vital for Zanzibar’s ambition to leverage start-ups as catalysts for innovative solutions to pressing challenges in various sectors, including financial markets and services, food systems, energy resilience, education, health, the sustainable Blue Economy, tourism, and climate change.

Enhancing the core start-up ecosystem attributes can help Zanzibar to better harness the potential of start-ups as well as explore and capitalize on the rich and diverse opportunities that entrepreneurship, innovation, and technology offer to the economy.

According to Chief Government Statistician (OCGS) 2022, total unemployment rate is 19.6%, whereas youth (15-24) unemployment rate is significantly higher (33.3%). The youth unemployment rate has increased from 5.5% in 2006 up to 19.6% in 2021/2022.

Under this condition, Zanzibar needs to prioritize job creation to harness the potential of its youthful population, which could either drive local economic activity or seek better opportunities abroad.

To accelerate job creation, it is essential to foster an environment where entrepreneurs can easily launch new ventures, drive innovation, and stimulate economic growth. This requires a comprehensive understanding of what motivates individuals to start innovative businesses, along with the deep understanding of the startup ecosystem’s key components.

Elements such as entrepreneurial culture, regulatory frameworks, infrastructure, access to equity investors, financing for small and medium-sized enterprises, and formal education in entrepreneurship ecosystem must be well examined to identify gaps and areas for development.

Zanzibar’s startup ecosystem currently faces significant challenges in talent, demand, capital, and the overall enabling environment, which together hinder the growth potential of the startups and the startups ecosystem at large.

While many founders possess strong educational backgrounds, they often lack essential business acumen and practical experience, leading to a talent gap that prevents them from competing on a global scale. To address the talent aspect of the ecosystem, startups need tailored training in practical business skills that align with their specific needs, as well as a robust support network of peers and mentors.

There is a pressing need for targeted support to startups in accessing broader markets, developing effective marketing strategies, and increasing visibility through industry events and media coverage. This approach will help startups identify and cater to the demands of strategic sectors, enabling them to thrive.

Capital access remains a significant barrier for startups, as many struggle to secure financing through loans, credit lines, and investment opportunities. Startup founder’s liquidity is often limited, hindering their ability to scale and innovate. Startups founders expressing challenges in accessing funds even those provided by the government fund such as from Zanzibar Economic Empowerment Agency (ZEEA).

While there is a vast opportunity of increasing startups financing through venture capitalists but Zanzibar must create a more conducive environment that attracts the venture capitalists that recognize the unique investment opportunities present in Zanzibar.

For the startups to operate easily and efficiently, access for affordable office space, technological resources such as high-speed internet and modern equipment, empowers entrepreneurs to enhance their productivity and compete effectively in the market.

Additionally, networking opportunities with established firms and investors can provide valuable mentorship, partnerships, and funding, crucial for scaling operations.

Because Zanzibar startup ecosystem is at its infancy and most of the startups are at their early stages, a vibrant ecosystem of entrepreneurial support organizations (ESOs) is essential for providing mentorship and practical guidance to the startup entrepreneurs that align with the needs of startups, and which can help instill more professionalism to the startup founders.

Creating an enabling business environment is essential for fostering startup growth in Zanzibar by addressing business formalization hurdles through simplifying the processes of registration, making it easier for new ventures to enter the market, implementing fair and transparent taxation policies can alleviate the financial burden on startups, allowing them to invest more in growth and innovation.

Also, protecting intellectual property rights is also crucial, as it fosters creativity and ensures entrepreneurs can safeguard their unique ideas and products as well as providing access to legal and regulatory support empowers startups to navigate complex compliance requirements confidently by enabling them to focus on building their businesses and contributing to the local economy.

Fostering a vibrant startup ecosystem in Zanzibar is not just a necessity but a strategic imperative for economic transformation. Start-ups have the potential to drive economic prosperity through disrupting the way products and services are being produced and delivered and hence contribute to the enhanced government revenues, jobs and inflow of investment in the country.

Working on enhancing the startup ecosystem in Zanzibar is as vital as leveraging the key attributes associated with the development of the ecosystem in terms of enhanced talents, increased market demand for startups products and services, promoting access to capitals as well as creation of the business enabling environment for the startups to thrive and scale.

Twamaah H. Makame

Petroleum Engineer (Energy Development and Climate Change)
Email: twamaah.m@gmail.com